Two obsolete cruisers—the aged HMS Sappho and the battered veteran of Zeebrugge, HMS Vindictive—were fitted out for the operation. [24] Under heavy fire, the boat staggered out of the harbour and was taken under tow by another late-arriving motor launch. Of the five motor launches attached to the expedition, only one had remained with the cruiser in the fog - ML254 commanded by Lieutenant Geoffrey Drummond. By the end of the year, the European powers, having recovered from their previous defeats and emboldened by Napoleon's absence, [citation needed] organized a new Second Coalition. [8] Thus while Zeebrugge seemed to be blocked entirely, Ostend was open wide, nullifying any success which might have been achieved at the other port. In 1919 they returned to their duties carrying civilians. [10] This cover was vital because Ostend was protected by a very strong 11 in (280 mm) gun position known as the Tirpitz battery. Contexte historique. John Owen was serving as a Deck Hand on Motor Launch (ML) 25(4). We are unable to provide individual research free of charge, but do offer a paid service at competitive rates, the small profit from these services will be put towards the costs of keeping this website running. In May a second attack on Ostend was planned to block the canal basin with an old obsolete cruiser, HMS Vindictive. 07/05/2018 07/05/2018 ianmoore3000 1918, War at sea British Navy, Bruges, First World War, Ostend, Second Ostend Raid, U-boats. Vindictive was commanded by Godsal; her six officers and 48 crew were all volunteer veterans of the previous failed attempt by Brilliant. The Ostend Raid was largely a failure as a result of heavy German resistance and British navigational difficulties in poor weather. As part of the city of Ostend the … On May 9, 1918, Ramsay took part in Vice-Admiral Roger Keyes' Second Ostend Raid. [26], Despite German claims that the blockage did not impede their operations,[27] the operation to close the Ostend canal seemed to have been at least partially successful. As he searched, two German torpedo boats sailed from Ostend to intercept the cruiser, but in the heavy fog they collided and, disabled, limped back to shore. In a bombardment on 22 September 1917, the lock gates were hit causing the basin to drain at low water. [9] The ships' forward ballast tanks were filled with concrete to both protect their bows during the attack, and act as a more lasting obstacle once sunk. The wreck was raised on 16 August 1920 and subsequently broken up. The First Ostend Raid was conducted in tandem with the similar Zeebrugge Raid led by Acting Vice-Admiral Roger Keyes on 23 April 1918; a large scale operation to block the wider canal at Zeebrugge. The Second Ostend Raid (officially known as Operation VS) was the later of two failed attempts made during the spring of 1918 by the United Kingdom's Royal Navy to block the channels leading to the Belgian port of Ostend as a part of its conflict with … Hendy, John (1991). British casualties were reported in the immediate aftermath as being eight dead, ten missing and 29 wounded. Torpedoes fired from motor launches demolished machine gun posts on the ends of the piers marking the canal, beginning the attack. On 7 September 1915, four Lord Clive-class monitors of the Dover Patrol had bombarded the dockyard, while German coastal artillery returned fire. London Gazette Naval Despatches Royal Navy Casualties - Killed and Died Royal Navy Honours and Gallantry awards. Want to find out more about your relative's service? 07/05/2018 07/05/2018 ianmoore3000 1918, War at sea British Navy, Bruges, First World War, Ostend, Second Ostend Raid, U-boats. Two years passed before the next attempt on the Ostend locks. Her six officers and 48 crew were all volunteer veterans of the previous failed attempt by Brilliant. 9-10 May1918. A Second Attempt. Navigation buoys had … As men scrambled down the ship's flank away from the shells and machine-gun bullets spitting from the harbour entrance, Crutchley made a final survey with an electric torch looking for wounded men amongst the dead on the decks. ML254 then began slowly to leave the harbour mouth, carrying 38 survivors of Vindictive's 55 crewmen huddled on deck, where they remained exposed to machine gun fire from the shore. Ostende - 18 Annonces - Trouvez votre Location de Vacances, Saisonnière, Gite, Chambre d'Hôte, Maison, Appartement, Chalet, Studio, Château, Villa … When they did discover the entrance, German resistance proved too strong for the operation to be completed as originally planned: the obsolete cruiser HMS Vindictive was sunk, but only partially blocked the channel. U-boats could also depart from Bruges at night, cutting a day off the journey to the Western Approaches, more easily avoiding the North Sea Mine Barrage and allowing U-boat captains to gain familiarity with the net and mine defences of the English Channel, through which they had to pass to reach the main battlegrounds of the Atlantic. Another attempt was made on 23 April, with a concurrent attack on Ostend. The Second Ostend Raid (officially known as Operation VS) was the latter of two failed attempts by the Royal Navy to block the channels accessing the Belgian port of Ostend during the Spring of 1918. Eight Victoria Crosses were awarded for the Zeebrugge raid, and three for a later raid at Ostend. Other officers came forward to participate as well and Keyes and Lynes devised an operational plan to attack the canal mouth at Ostend once more. Ubfortunately, the earlier raids had alerted the German defenders and they were ready for VINDICTIVE. Remaining in command of HMS BROKE carried King George V to France to visit … [7] Although this accident halved the ability of the force to block Ostend, Lynes decided to continue the operation, and at 01:30, the force closed on the port, making the final preparations for the assault. The First Ostend Raid (part of Operation ZO) was the first of two attacks by the Royal Navy on the German-held port of Ostend during the late spring of 1918 during the First World War.Ostend was attacked in conjunction with the neighbouring harbour of Zeebrugge on 23 April in order to block the vital strategic port of Bruges, situated 6 mi (5.2 nmi; 9.7 km) inland and ideally sited … One ship, HMS Gladiator, lost following a collision with a merchant ship in 1908, while HMS Vindictive saw active service in the First World War, taking part in the Zeebrugge Raid in April 1918 before being sunk as a blockship during the Second Ostend Raid … THE SECOND OSTEND RAID, MAY 1918. This saw the Royal Navy attempt to block the channels into the port of Ostend. On May 9, 1918, Ramsay took part in Vice-Admiral Roger Keyes' Second Ostend Raid. First World War. This would expose them for longer to Allied countermeasures and reduce the time they could spend raiding. No need to register, buy now! Volunteers from amongst the force which had failed in April aided the planning with advice based on bitter experience. [22] Drummond called to ML276's commander—Lieutenant Rowley Bourke—that he believed there were still men in the water and Bourke immediately entered the harbour to search for them. The destroyer HMS Velox was lashed alongside and survivors from Warwick, Vindictive and ML254 transferred across to the sound ship. The rescue mission itself, however, was not going as planned. … She sank about six feet and lay upon the bottom of the channel. After the operation, Bourke's launch was discovered to have 55 bullet and shrapnel holes. As British forces on the southeast coast of Britain regrouped, remanned and repaired following heavy losses at Zeebrugge, Keyes planned a return to Ostend with the intention of blocking the canal and consequently severing Bruges from the sea, closing the harbour and trapping the 18 U-boats and 25 destroyers present for months to come. The remainder of the Belgian coast came under the occupation of German Marine Divisions, including the important strategic ports of Antwerp and Bruges. Achetez et téléchargez ebook The Raids on Zeebrugge & Ostend 1918: The Illustrated Royal Navy Attacks on the German Occupied Belgian Coast During the First World War (English Edition): Boutique Kindle - Naval : Amazon.fr In fact, the entire operation had been rendered moot before it even began, due to events at the wider canal in Zeebrugge. Primary Documents - British Admiralty Statement on the Ostend Raid, 11 May 1918 Reproduced below is the text of the official British Admiralty report on the Royal Navy's 9 May 1918 raid upon the German-held port of Ostend, a follow-up action to the previous month's raid upon Zeebrugge and Ostend - both used as a base for submarines and light shipping. [12], All preparations for the operation were completed by the first week of May and on 9 May the weather was nearly perfect for the attack. Despite her sheltered position behind the cruiser, fire from shore continued to enfilade the launch and a number of those aboard, including Lieutenant Bury, suffered broken ankles as they jumped onto the heaving deck. The operation went ahead over the night of 9-10 May. Second Ostend Raid. Small coastal submarines of the UC class had been able to pass through the channel as early as the morning after the Zeebrugge Raid and German naval engineers were able to dredge channels around the blockages at both ports over the coming weeks. HMS Vindictive Sunk as a Blockship in Ostend Harbour in 2nd Ostend Raid May 1918 HMS Vindictive Sunk as a Blockship in Ostend Harbour in 2nd Ostend Raid May 1918 Stereoscopic Images Published by: Realistic Travels Ltd London By Royal Command to their Imperial Majesties King Gearge V & Queen Mary No.119 In this series of: The Great War through - The … 8 relations. A network of canals connected Bruges with the coast at Ostend and Zeebrugge, through which small warships such as destroyers, light cruisers and submarines could travel and find a safe harbour from which to launch raids into the English Channel and along the coasts of southeast England. The two sacrificial cruisers were, as with the previous attack, accompanied by four heavy monitors under Keyes' command, eight destroyers under Lynes in HMS Faulknor and five motor launches. Medals incl DSM awarded to CMM E.F CHIVERS for second raid on Ostend 9 May 1918 The force sailed on 11 April for the attack. 9 mai 1918 : second raid d'Ostende Au cours de la Première Guerre mondiale, la maîtrise de la Manche et de la mer du Nord était vitale pour les Alliés qui avaient besoin d'acheminer facilement du matériel depuis le Royaume Uni. The Second Ostend Raid (officially known as Operation VS) was the later of two failed attempts made during the spring of 1918 by the United Kingdom's Royal Navy to block the channels leading to the Belgian port of Ostend as a part of its conflict with the German Empire during World War I. The launch—like the cruiser—was riddled with bullets; her commander was wounded and her executive officer dead. [27] Despite this, in Britain the Ostend Raid was feted as a success. This saw the Royal Navy attempt to block the channels into the port of Ostend. These officers approached Commodore Hubert Lynes and Admiral Roger Keyes with a refined plan for a second attempt to block the port. [7] Both blockships intended to close off the canal had grounded over half a mile from their intended location and been scuttled by their crews under heavy artillery and long-range small arms fire, which caused severe casualties. Her work was done." The popularity of the site means that it is far exceeding available resources. The Admiralty presented it as a fine example of daring and careful planning from the Royal Navy, providing a valuable morale boost at one of the most critical moments of the war. [3] Bruges was therefore a vital asset in the German Navy's increasingly desperate struggle to prevent Britain from receiving food and matériel from the rest of the world. The names on this list have been submitted by relatives, friends, neighbours and others who wish to remember them, if you have any names to add or any recollections or photos of those listed, [3] U-boats could also depart from Bruges at night, cutting a day off the journey to the Western Approaches, more easily avoiding the North Sea Mine Barrage and allowing U-boat captains to gain familiarity with the net and mine defences of the English Channel, through which they had to pass to reach the main battlegrounds of the Atlantic. Hearing cries, Bourke entered the harbour but could not identify the lost men. [23], Hearing cries, Bourke entered the harbour but could not identify the lost men. HMS Vindictive at Ostend after the Zeebrugge Raid.jpg 1,548 × 953; 501 KB HMS Vindictive damaged superstructure following the Zeebrugge Raid (27443396633).jpg 3,141 × 2,097; 1 MB The Second Raid on Ostend, 10 May 1918 Q22846.jpg 559 × 800; 85 KB Weather dependent, under cover of a smoke screen, aerial bombardment and offshore artillery, the blockships would steam directly into the channel, turn sideways and scuttle themselves. Those on board felt the old ship shrug as the explosive tore the bottom plates and the bulkheads from her; she sank about six feet and lay upon the bottom of the channel. CMB 33, did not … Launch ML254 sunk, 18 dead, 29 wounded 3 killed, 8 wounded Location Ostend… This website is paid for out of our own pockets, library subscriptions and from donations made by visitors. The Arrogant-class cruiser was a class of four protected cruisers built for the British Royal Navy at the end of the 1890s. Both attacks largely failed, but while at Zeebrugge the operation came so close to success that it took several months for the British authorities to realise that it had been unsuccessful, at Ostend the attack had ended catastrophically. It was then that those on the destroyers became aware that a sea-fog had come on." Despite its failure, the raid was presented in Britain as a courageous and daring gamble which came very close to success. Their advance would be covered by artillery fire against German shore positions from the heavy monitors at distance and at closer range by gunfire from the destroyers. Heading straight into the mouth of the canal, guided by a flare dropped by the launch, Vindictive became an instant target for the German batteries and was badly damaged. This article appeared on Wikipedia's Main Page as Today's featured article on September 18, 2011. Black and white photographic print with treasury tag hole through lower right of print. If you can provide any additional information, please add it here. This saw the Royal Navy attempt to block the channels into the port of Ostend. [21], Offshore, as Warwick's officers, Keyes' staff and the survivors of Vindictive gathered on the destroyer's deck to discuss the operation, an enormous explosion rocked the ship causing her to list severely. Alfred Edmund Godsal DSO, Croix de Guerre (1884 – 10 May 1918), was a British officer of the Royal Navy who commanded HMS Brilliant in the First Ostend Raid on 23 April 1918. This stalled the engines and caused a wave of highly corrosive acid to wash over the deck, causing severe damage to the launch's hull and almost suffocating the unconscious Alleyne. Simultaneously the long range artillery of the Royal Marines opened fire on Ostend from Allied positions around the Belgian town of Ypres. Among these volunteers were Lieutenant-Commander Henry Hardy of HMS Sirius, Commander Alfred Godsal, former captain of HMS Brilliant, and Brilliant's first lieutenant Victor Crutchley. [10] As Engineer-Lieutenant William Bury prepared to detonate the scuttling charges, Crutchley took a survey of the ship and ordered all survivors to take to the boats on the seaward side of the wreck. As men scrambled down the ship's flank away from the shells and machine-gun bullets spitting from the harbour entrance, Crutchley made a final survey with an electric torch looking for wounded men amongst the dead on the decks. THE SECOND OSTEND RAID, MAY 1918. 23rd April 1918 First Ostend Raid 1918 The First Ostend Raid (part of Operation ZO) was the first of two attacks by the Royal Navy on the German-held port of Ostend during the late spring of 1918.Ostend was attacked in conjunction with the neighbouring harbour of Zeebrugge on 23 April in order to block the vital strategic port of Bruges, situated 6 miles inland. Hear the men and women whose lives were shaped by the First World War tell their stories of the conflict in our podcast series, Voices of the First World War. Passenger transport between Ostend and Ramsgate was provided by Transeuropa Ferries from 1998 to 2013.. History. Vindictive was commanded by Godsal. It blinded the observers of the great batteries when suddenly, upon the warning of the explosions, the guns roared into action. The larger warships in Bruges were trapped there for the remaining months of the war; the town was captured by the Allies in October 1918. Média dans la catégorie « Second Ostend Raid » Cette catégorie comprend 3 fichiers, dont les 3 ci-dessous. Only 14 rounds were fired by the British with the result that only part of the dockyard was set on fire. Two weeks ago the Royal Navy attacked Zeebrugge and Ostend, hoping to render these Belgian ports unusable to German U-boats and destroyers based in Bruges. The ports of Ostend and Zeebrugge (which had been partially blocked in the Zeebrugge Raid three weeks previously) provided sea access via canals for the major inland port of Bruges. First World … The larger warships in Bruges were trapped there for the remaining months of the war and the town was captured by the Allies in October 1918. Alfred Edmund Godsal DSO, Croix de Guerre (1884 – 10 May 1918), was a British officer of the Royal Navy who commanded HMS Brilliant in the First Ostend Raid on 23 April 1918. Covid-19. Promoted to commander on 30 June 1916, in October 1917 he took command of another Dover Patrol vessel, the destroyer HMS Broke. An unexpected sequel to the raids was that banks in neutral countries were impressed by the fact that despite the stalemate in the land war, the … Of the five motor launches attached to the expedition, only one had remained with the cruiser in the fog; ML254 commanded by Lieutenant Geoffrey Drummond. Photographs. Annexes [modifier | modifier le code] Notes et références [modifier | modifier le code] Bibliographie [modifier | modifier le code] (en) Max Arthur, Symbol of courage : a history of the Victoria Cross, Londres, Sidgewick & Jackson, 2004, 686 p. (ISBN 978-0-283-07351-9 et 978 … In anticipation of a raid, the Germans had removed the navigation buoys and without them the British had difficulty finding the narrow channel into the harbour in poor weather. This article appeared on Wikipedia's Main Page as Today's featured article on September 18, 2011. As Drummond turned his boat seawards and proceeded back to the offshore squadron which was still engaged in an artillery duel with the German defenders, one of the missing launches, ML276 passed her, having caught up with the lost cruiser at this late stage. In spite of the fog, air operations continued as planned under the overall direction of Brigadier-General Charles Lambe. Second Ostend Raid is a featured article; it (or a previous version of it) has been identified as one of the best articles produced by the Wikipedia community.Even so, if you can update or improve it, please do so. Updated on Feb 15, 2018. ". On May 9, 1918, Ramsay took part in Vice-Admiral Roger Keyes' Second Ostend Raid. [22], ML254 then began slowly to leave the harbour mouth, carrying 38 survivors of Vindictive's 55 crewmen huddled on deck, where they remained exposed to machine gun fire from the shore. Photographs. var switchTo5x=false;stLight.options({publisher:'fc03f239-3fa4-46a7-8533-9662428c321a'}); Please note we currently have a backlog of submitted material, our volunteers are working through this as quickly as possible and all names, stories and photos will be added to the site. Zeebrugger raid of 1918 @ IWM (Q67727) The plan of attack. L'admiral Roger … This careful study was, however, rendered worthless by a sudden fog which obliterated all sight of the shore. Though the mission was only partly successful, Ramsay was mentioned in despatches for his performance during the operation. Volunteers from amongst the force which had failed in April aided the planning with advice based on bitter experience. The Second Ostend Raid (officially known as Operation VS) was the later of two failed attempts made during the spring of 1918 by the United Kingdom's Royal Navy to block the channels leading to the Belgian port of Ostend as a part of its conflict with the German Empire during World War I. On 7 September 1915, four Lord Clive-class monitors of the Dover Patrol had bombarded the dockyard, while German coastal artillery returned fire. HMS Vindictive, cruiser, assault ship in first raid, blockship in second (Photo Ships, click to enlarge) Contents. HMS Vindictive damaged superstructure following the Zeebrugge Raid (27443396633).jpg 3 141 × 2 097 ; 1 Mio. Voices of the First World War. During the First World War, Ramsay was given his first command, HMS M25, a small monitor, in August 1915.For two years his ship was part of the Dover Patrol off the Belgian coast. en:Second Ostend Raid <> Second raid sur Ostende; en:Tintin in the Land of the Soviets <> Tintin au pays des Soviets; en:Willy Vandersteen <> Willy Vandersteen; En espagnol. The German Navy had used the port since 1915 as a base for their U-boat activities … The damaged propeller made this maneuver impossible and the drifting cruiser floated out of the channel and became stuck on a sandbank outside, only partially obscuring the entranceway. Two minutes after midnight, the force suffered a setback when Sappho suffered a minor boiler explosion and had to return to Dunkirk, unable to complete the journey. [14] Ten heavy bombers of the newly formed Royal Air Force then dropped incendiary bombs on German positions, but did not cause significant damage. The German Navy had used the port since 1915 as a base for their U-boat activities during the battle of the Atlantic and the strategic advantages conferred by the Belgian ports in the conflict were very important. The remainder of the Belgian coast came under the occupation of German Marine Divisions, including the important strategic ports of Antwerp and Bruges. Warwick had struck one of the defensive mines off Ostend and was now in danger of sinking herself. The port was damaged in both World Wars (see First and Second Ostend Raid) but soon recovered. Le second raid d'Ostende était une mesure prise par la Royal Navy britannique pendant la Première Guerre mondiale afin de bloquer l'accès au port du … The raid began with a diversion against the mile-long Zeebrugge mole. [17] This careful study was, however, rendered worthless by a sudden fog which obliterated all sight of the shore. 9-10 May1918. In the early hours of 10 May 1918 he was killed in action commanding HMS Vindictive during the Second Ostend Raid.This event is marked each year in Ostend as Vindictive Day. to help with the costs of keeping the site running. Once the operation had been concluded, the motor launches would draw along the seaward side of the blockships, remove the surviving crews and take them to the monitors for passage back to Britain. Offshore, as Warwick's officers, Keyes' staff and the survivors of Vindictive gathered on the destroyer's deck to discuss the operation, an enormous explosion rocked the ship causing her to list severely. An attempt to raid Zeebrugge was made on 2 April 1918 but was cancelled at the last moment, after the wind direction changed and made it impossible to lay a smokescreento cover the ships. Lambe was one of the most senior officers with naval experience to serve in the 19 After the German Army captured much of Belgium following the battle of the Frontiers in 1914, the Allied forces were left holding a thin strip of coastline to the west of the Yser. Whilst Antwerp was a deep water port vulnerable to British attack from the sea, Bruges, sitting 6 miles inland, was comparatively safe from naval bombardment or coastal raids. The damaged propeller made this manoeuver impossible and the drifting cruiser floated out of the channel and became stuck on a sandbank outside, only partially obscuring the entranceway. This operation was to thoroughly block the channel, and — coupled with the blockage at Zeebrugge (which the British authorities believed to be fully closed) — was to prevent use of Bruges by German raiding craft for months to come. The blockages at Ostend and Zeebrugge took several years to clear completely, not being totally removed until 1921. The Second Ostend Raid, Belgium 9-10 May 1918. German losses were three killed and eight wounded. Despite German claims that the blockage did not impede their operations, the operation to close the Ostend canal seemed to have been at least partially successful. Each force was also accompanied by a number of monitors which would attempt to suppress the German defenses with gunfire. The Second Ostend Raid (officially known as Operation VS) was the later of two failed attempts made during the spring of 1918 by the United Kingdom's Royal Navy to block the channels leading to the Belgian port of Ostend as a part of its conflict with … The Admiralty presented it as a fine example of daring and careful planning from the Royal Navy, providing a valuable morale boost at one of the most critical moments of the war. Satisfied that none alive remained aboard, he too leapt onto the deck of a motor launch bobbing below. Second Ostend Raid is a featured article; it (or a previous version of it) has been identified as one of the best articles produced by the Wikipedia community. We are now on Facebook. HMS Vindictive at Ostend after the Zeebrugge Raid.jpg 1 548 × 953 ; 501 Kio. The second raid on Ostend would need to be carried out within four days of the 23 April operation before the suitable tide and hours of darkness remained similar to the plans of 22/23 April. The British armada had collected at Dunkirk in Allied-held France and departed shortly after dark. Hauling the men aboard, Bourke turned for the safety of the open sea, but as he did, two 6 in (150 mm) shells struck the launch, smashing the lifeboat and destroying the compressed air tanks. Le second raid sur Ostende connu officiellement sous le nom d'Opération VS est la deuxième des deux attaques de la Royal Navy sur le port d'Ostende, en Belgique, aux mains de l'Allemagne à la fin du printemps 1918 pendant la Première Guerre mondiale. ", "The engineer, who was the last to leave the engine-room, blew the main charges by the switch installed aft. The two Mersey ferries were granted permission by the King to prefix their names with ‘Royal’. On the reverse are a typescript paper caption label and ink stamps of the Sport & General Press Agency and the … Air Vice Marshal Sir Charles Laverock Lambe, KCB, CMG, DSO (10 May 1875 – 25 April 1953) was a distinguished officer in the Royal Navy and a foundational commander in the Royal Air Force (RAF) on its creation in 1918. Our The two raids on Ostend were also failures, the blockships of the first raid missed the harbour entrance and the second attempt was abandoned with the blockship rendered out of control and in the face of strong German resistance. Second Ostend Raid 9/5/1918 Britain raids Ostend again #1918Live. However, early the next morning, when 16 miles from Zeebrugge the wind direction changed and began to blow from the south, the wrong direction for the essential smokescreen to be effective and the attack was cancelled. Alfred Godsal intended to swing Vindictive broadside on into the channel mouth, but as he ordered the turn, the right screw broke down completely, preventing the cruiser from fully turning. British forces had moderate casualties in the raid, compared to minimal German losses. In 1915,1916, the German Navy had developed Bruges into a major naval centre with large concrete bunkers to shelter U-boats, extensive barracks and training facilities for U-boat crews, and similar facilities for other classes of raiding warship. [13] The British armada had collected at Dunkirk in Allied-held France and departed port shortly after dark. 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Raids Ostend again # 1918Live the occupation of German Marine Divisions, including the important strategic of! Aided the planning with advice based on bitter experience a sea-fog had come on. during the operation, 's. Aboard HMS Vindictive at Ostend and Ramsgate was provided by Transeuropa ferries from 1998 to 2013.. History de le! They were ready for Vindictive before the next attempt on the ends of the fog air. Operation, Bourke entered the harbour but could not identify the lost.. Completely, not being totally removed until 1921 basin with an old cruiser, Vindictive and ML254 across. Many diary entries, personal letters and other documents, all transcribed into text. Find out more about your relative 's service entire operation had proven and... Came under the occupation of German Marine Divisions, including the important strategic ports of Antwerp and....

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