Knowledge and Reason Nature Fire New. which connotes any value. my hand feels like lead . Veil’d Melancholy has her sovran shrine, Seneca also exhorted his students not to receive ideas passively, but to create their system. (17) which affected him to the point he felt unable to write, which only compounded his misery: “I am so depressed that I have not an idea to put to paper . . When confronted with sorrow, Keats believed that reason was helpful, as seen in a letter to his brother George and his sister-in-law, when their brother Tom was near death. Keats found that for him it did constitute an excess severely at odds with tranquility. Keats freely used the term “philosopher” in his letters, and by that term he intended the highest accolade. Did Keats strive to obtain tranquility, that basic goal of Stoicism which includes not only freedom from the turmoil of hardship but the joys of pleasure? Some do it with their society—some with their wit—some with their benevolence—some with a sort of power of conferring pleasure and good humour on all they meet—and a thousand ways, all dutiful to the command of great nature—there is but one way for me. This video was produced by Encyclopædia Britannica Educational Corporation. He addresses the defeated Titans who, writhing in the agony of their defeat, are “passion-strung” (Book II, line 173). The torment at the end of his life was not that he would die; he felt as if he had already died and was living a “posthumous existence” (518). Keats transformed the tale to express the widespread Romantic theme of the attempt to find in actuality an ideal love that has been glimpsed heretofore only in imaginative longings. 15 Hadas, “Introduction” to “On Providence” in The Stoic Philosophy of Seneca, 27. Keats described that the inability to write caused him actual pain (243). In his letters Keats does not pronounce tranquility his goal, per se, yet it can be reasonably inferred that tranquility was his philosophical end. . Quotations by John Keats, English Poet, Born October 31, 1795. . John Keats’s father, a livery-stable manager, died when he was eight, and his mother remarried almost immediately. John Keats: Quotes. A large element of the external world that Keats discounted, even disdained, was the public and its opinion of his poetry. Circumstances are like clouds continually gathering and bursting. I should judge it to have been written in one of his most comfortable moods of his life—it is a kind of sketchy intellectual landscape, not a search after truth . Moses Hadas (New York: W.W. Norton 1958), 84. 29 Accordingly, he termed life not a “vale of tears,” but a “vale of soul-making” (326). Although Keats is known for having several faithful friends, upon whom he greatly depended, there is a distinction between friendship and socializing. Keats’s philosophy takes shape in his letters and surfaces at times in his poetry, and it is a philosophy that is at one with Roman Stoicism. few are enough, one is enough, none is enough” (174). References to Keats’s poetry are to this edition and are cited hereafter by poem, book or part (where necessary), and line. . 22 . There is symmetry between the manner in which Keats lived and what Seneca described as a Stoic lifestyle. 12 John Keats, The Complete Poems of John Keats (New York: the Modern Library, 1994). Keats would have followed Seneca’s advice and ended his life, faced with the unrelenting agony of a terminal illness. Seneca would not have disputed the natural and constant nature of hardship, but attributed its origin to gods. If ye will take that comfort in its truth. His many apothegms on the utility of adversity in the essay coincide with Keats’s ideas. 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